turash/bugulma/frontend/data/historical_timeline.json

[
  {
    "year": "1521",
    "event": "First Mention in Chronicles",
    "description": "The earliest written mention of Bugulma appears in the chronicle of the village of Staroe Yermakovo, where it is noted that in 1521-1535, under Khans Safa-Girey and Muhammad-Amin, the son of Tuikhuzh received a yarlyk for land ownership near Bugulma along the Sok River."
  },
  {
    "year": "17th-18th century",
    "event": "First Settlement",
    "description": "The first settlement consisted of 9-12 Tatar families (teptari) in the Bugulma area."
  },
  {
    "year": "1736",
    "event": "Official Foundation of Bugulminska Sloboda",
    "description": "Bugulminska sloboda was officially founded as a settlement, named after the Bugulminka River. It was established on the site of a small Tatar village."
  },
  {
    "year": "1743",
    "event": "Land Allocation for Tatar Yamshchiks",
    "description": "Land was allocated for Tatar yamshchiks (postal drivers) along the New Orenburg Road, including the area around Bugulma, with rights to plowland, hayfields, forests, and other resources."
  },
  {
    "year": "1745",
    "event": "Foundation of Bugulminska Sloboda",
    "description": "Bugulminska sloboda was founded as a settlement."
  },
  {
    "year": "1747",
    "event": "Population Census",
    "description": "A census recorded the inhabitants of 'Ilmukhametova, Bugulma tozh' as 'non-Christians Tatars' and 'yasashnye Tatars'."
  },
  {
    "year": "1760",
    "event": "Wooden Church Burns",
    "description": "An earlier wooden church on Sokolskaya Mountain burned down."
  },
  {
    "year": "1760s",
    "event": "Center of Bugulminskoye Vedomstvo",
    "description": "Bugulminska sloboda became the center of the newly formed Bugulminskoye vedomstvo, managing non-Russian and Russian volosts."
  },
  {
    "year": "1773-1775",
    "event": "Pugachev's Rebellion Involvement",
    "description": "During the Pugachev Rebellion, Bugulma was in the center of the uprising. The headquarters of the government forces' commander-in-chief, General-Anshef Bibikov, was located in the area."
  },
  {
    "year": "1781",
    "event": "Designated District Town",
    "description": "On December 23, Bugulminska sloboda was designated a district town of Ufa viceroyalty."
  },
  {
    "year": "1782",
    "event": "City Coat of Arms Approved",
    "description": "The city coat of arms was approved, featuring a silver fish (pestrushka) in a blue field, symbolizing the abundance of rivers."
  },
  {
    "year": "1783",
    "event": "Bogoroditsky Cathedral Built",
    "description": "Major Ivan Ivanovich Galautov built the stone Bogoroditsky Cathedral at his own expense on the central square."
  },
  {
    "year": "1789",
    "event": "Robbery Incident",
    "description": "Peasant Illarion Ivanovich Sidorov was robbed of 90 rubles and tied to a tree by four Tatars on his way back from Mikulino."
  },
  {
    "year": "1796",
    "event": "Transfer to Orenburg Guberniya",
    "description": "Bugulma became part of the Orenburg Guberniya after the administrative reforms."
  },
  {
    "year": "1830s",
    "event": "Polish Exiles Arrive",
    "description": "After Polish uprisings, unreliable Poles were exiled to Bugulma and eventually came to rule the city through zemstvo and city administration."
  },
  {
    "year": "1845",
    "event": "Protopopov Appointed",
    "description": "Nikolay Ivanovich Protopopov was appointed to Bugulma Cathedral."
  },
  {
    "year": "1847",
    "event": "Cathedral Reconstruction Initiated",
    "description": "Merchant Fedor Naberezhnov initiated the reconstruction of the Bogoroditsky Cathedral into a large three-altar cathedral."
  },
  {
    "year": "1850",
    "event": "Transfer to Samara Guberniya",
    "description": "Bugulma was transferred to the Samara Guberniya as part of further administrative changes."
  },
  {
    "year": "1850-1890",
    "event": "Polish Influence Peaks",
    "description": "Poles firmly entered the zemstvo council and city hall, effectively ruling the city and district."
  },
  {
    "year": "1856-1866",
    "event": "Nikolsky Cathedral Built",
    "description": "St. Nicholas Cathedral was built on the initiative of merchant Fedor Naberezhnov."
  },
  {
    "year": "1857",
    "event": "Protopopov Awarded",
    "description": "Protopopov received the Order of St. Anna (3rd degree)."
  },
  {
    "year": "1866",
    "event": "Protopopov Second Award",
    "description": "Protopopov received the Order of St. Anna (2nd degree)."
  },
  {
    "year": "1872",
    "event": "Chechen Exiles Arrive",
    "description": "Over 50 Chechens were sent to Bugulma from Dagestan. Later that year, three nuns were murdered by robbers from Kuvakbashevo village."
  },
  {
    "year": "1873",
    "event": "Chechen Incident Culminates",
    "description": "Chechens began stealing; two locals were killed while pursuing them. Alexey Yamurin and Ardalion Prokofyev died."
  },
  {
    "year": "1875",
    "event": "Religious Conversion",
    "description": "Gilazitdin Nizamutdin was baptized as Nikolay Kuzmin despite opposition from his family."
  },
  {
    "year": "1879",
    "event": "Women's Community Founded",
    "description": "Kazanskaya Women's Community was founded."
  },
  {
    "year": "1889",
    "event": "Monastery Status",
    "description": "The women's community was elevated to Kazansko-Bogoroditsky Women's Monastery."
  },
  {
    "year": "1890",
    "event": "Population Census",
    "description": "Total population: 12,895. Economic indicators included 388 craftsmen and 37 factories."
  },
  {
    "year": "1897",
    "event": "All-Russian Population Census",
    "description": "The 1897 census recorded the ethnic composition: Russians 47%, Bashkirs 30%, Tatars 15%, others (Chuvash, Mordva) 8%. Total population around 7,600."
  },
  {
    "year": "1910",
    "event": "Population Census",
    "description": "Total population: 8,282. Infrastructure included 6 churches, schools, and factories."
  },
  {
    "year": "1911",
    "event": "Volga-Bugulma Railway Construction",
    "description": "The Volga-Bugulma railway was completed, connecting Bugulma to the broader Russian railway network and boosting trade and industry."
  },
  {
    "year": "1911",
    "event": "Great Fire",
    "description": "A large fire destroyed many buildings in the northwestern part of the city."
  },
  {
    "year": "1913-1914",
    "event": "Kuzmin Mill",
    "description": "The flour mill of merchant I. Kuzmin was operational."
  },
  {
    "year": "1918",
    "event": "Jaroslav Hašek as Military Governor",
    "description": "Czech writer Jaroslav Hašek served as the military governor of Bugulma during the Russian Civil War period."
  },
  {
    "year": "1918",
    "event": "Soviet Establishments",
    "description": "Various buildings were repurposed for Soviet institutions, including party committees and clubs."
  },
  {
    "year": "1928",
    "event": "Bogoroditsky Cathedral Demolished",
    "description": "The cathedral was demolished; its stones were used to build a bathhouse."
  },
  {
    "year": "1938-1941",
    "event": "Railway Project",
    "description": "Project for Kazan-Bugulma railway was approved but halted by WWII."
  },
  {
    "year": "1941-1945",
    "event": "World War II",
    "description": "Evacuation hospitals operated in various buildings; 352nd Rifle Division headquarters in one house."
  },
  {
    "year": "1948",
    "event": "Romashkinskoye Oil Field Discovery",
    "description": "The Romashkinskoye oil field was discovered near Bugulma, leading to a major oil boom and transforming the region into a key oil-producing area."
  },
  {
    "year": "1950",
    "event": "Formation of Tatneft",
    "description": "The Tatneft production association was created in Bugulma, consolidating oil exploration and production in Tatarstan."
  },
  {
    "year": "1952",
    "event": "City of Oblast Significance",
    "description": "On October 7, Bugulma was granted the status of a city of oblast significance."
  },
  {
    "year": "1953",
    "event": "Short-lived Bugulma Oblast",
    "description": "From February 21 to April 30, Bugulma served as the administrative center of the Bugulma Oblast, which was later dissolved."
  },
  {
    "year": "1974",
    "event": "General City Plan Development",
    "description": "The Leningrad State Institute for Urban Planning developed the first general plan for Bugulma, guiding urban development."
  },
  {
    "year": "1975",
    "event": "Youth Sports Complex Construction",
    "description": "The Yunost sports complex was built as part of the city's infrastructure development."
  },
  {
    "year": "1979",
    "event": "VNIINEFT Building",
    "description": "The building for the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oil (VNIINEFT) was constructed."
  },
  {
    "year": "1981",
    "event": "Bugulma Hotel Opening",
    "description": "The Bugulma hotel was opened to accommodate the growing population and visitors."
  },
  {
    "year": "1994",
    "event": "Youth Palace Construction",
    "description": "The Palace of Youth was built for cultural and recreational activities."
  },
  {
    "year": "1997",
    "event": "Nursing Home Construction",
    "description": "A nursing home for the elderly was constructed."
  },
  {
    "year": "2001",
    "event": "UNESCO Palm Branch of Peace Award",
    "description": "Bugulma received the UNESCO Palm Branch of Peace award for contributions to peace and cultural preservation."
  },
  {
    "year": "2002",
    "event": "Diploma for Most благоустроенный City",
    "description": "The city received a III-degree diploma in the All-Russian competition 'The Most благоустроенный City of Russia' for cities under 100,000 inhabitants."
  },
  {
    "year": "2004",
    "event": "Diploma for Architectural Heritage Preservation",
    "description": "Bugulma received a diploma from the Cabinet of Ministers of Tatarstan for preserving architectural and historical heritage."
  },
  {
    "year": "2005",
    "event": "Diploma for Architectural Improvements",
    "description": "Another diploma from the Cabinet of Ministers of Tatarstan for improving the architectural appearance of the city."
  },
  {
    "year": "2011",
    "event": "Clean Water Project Recognition",
    "description": "Bugulma became the fourth city in Russia included in the UN-Habitat Honorary List for the successful implementation of the 'Clean Water' project."
  }
]